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Manic DepressionAs categorized by the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder is a form of mood disorder characterized by a variation of mood between a phase of manic or hippomanic elation, hyperactivity and hyper imagination, and a depressive phase of inhibition, slowness to conceive ideas and move, and anxiety or sadness. Together these form what is commonly known as manic depression. Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. As described below, there are several forms of bipolar disorder. It should be noted that this disorder does not consist of mere "ups and downs". Ups and downs are experienced by virtually everyone and do not constitute a disorder. The mood swings of bipolar disorder are far more extreme than those experienced by most people. Note: Bipolar disorder is also commonly called "manic depression" by laymen (and by some psychiatrists in the twentieth century), although this usage is now unpopular with psychiatrists, who have standardized on Kraepelin's usage of the term manic depression to describe the whole bipolar spectrum that includes both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. They now use bipolar disorder to describe the bipolar form of manic depression. |
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